Binciken aikace-aikacen fasahar sake fasalin rufin laser don sassan gazawar injiniya a cikin ma'adanai

A fannin injiniyan injinan haƙar ma'adinai, matsanancin yanayin aiki shine babban ƙalubalen da ke hana aikin kayan aiki mai ɗorewa. Yanayin haƙar ma'adinai na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana da iyaka kuma yana da kunkuntar, tare da ƙurar da ke taruwa sosai tana lalata saman kayan aiki. A lokacin haƙar ma'adinai, yawan tasirin da ke tsakanin haƙoran da dutsen kwal mai tauri, tare da gogayya mai ƙarfi tsakanin masu ɗaukar ma'adinai da kayan aiki, yana hanzarta lalacewar kayan. A halin yanzu, yawan haƙoran da ke cikin ruwan ma'adinai da danshi yana haifar da tsatsa mai tsanani ta hanyar lantarki. Wannan yana haifar da matsalolin gazawa kamar lalacewa mai yawa, hudawar da ke haifar da tsatsa, da kuma karyewar saman abubuwa masu mahimmanci ciki har da haƙoran masu yanke kwal, ginshiƙan tallafi na hydraulic na tsarin haƙar ma'adinai na injina, da sassan masu ɗaukar ma'adinai. Rashin nasarar waɗannan abubuwan da aka haɗa ba wai kawai yana ƙara lokacin aiki ba ne kawai, har ma yana ƙara yawan kuɗin kulawa da haɗarin aminci a ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai.

Don magance wannan ƙalubale mai mahimmanci, haɗakar fasahar rufin saman laser mai ƙarfi tare da foda na musamman masu jure wa narkewar kansa ya kawo sauyi ga hanyoyin sake kera kayan aikin haƙar ma'adinai da suka gaza. Ta hanyar amfani da hasken laser mai ƙarfi a matsayin tushen zafi, wannan sabuwar hanyar tana sanya foda na alloy daidai a saman gyaran da aka yi niyya. A ƙarƙashin hasken laser, ƙwayoyin alloy suna narkewa kuma suna tauri da sauri tare da substrate, suna samar da murfin ƙarfe mai haɗin ƙarfe. Wannan tsarin haɗakarwa ya bambanta da abubuwan haɗin jiki na yau da kullun kamar su electroplating da feshi, yana kawar da haɗarin rabuwar rufi yayin da yake kafa harsashin gini don haɓaka aikin kayan.

Tsarin tsari na musamman na foda na ƙarfe mai narkewa da ke jure lalacewa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan fasaha. Yawanci ana amfani da ƙarfe mai tushen nickel, ƙarfe, ko cobalt a matsayin matrices, waɗannan foda suna rarraba barbashi masu tauri kamar WC, Cr₃C₂, da TiC daidai gwargwado. Ta hanyar ƙara abubuwa kamar Cr, Mo, da Si, an inganta ƙarfin ƙarfe da juriyar tsatsa. Barbashi masu tauri na iya ƙara tauri na rufin zuwa HRC55-65, yana tsayayya da tasirin kwal-dutse da gogayya ta abu. A halin yanzu, matrix mai tauri yana rage nauyin tasiri, yana hana karyewar karyewa a cikin murfin kuma yana cimma daidaiton aiki "mai tauri amma ba mai tauri ba".

A takamaiman aikace-aikacen sake kera sassan, wannan fasaha tana nuna takamaiman aiki da inganci. Ga injin haƙar kwal da injin yanke haƙoran rami mai ban sha'awa, saman ƙarshen mazugi yana aiki azaman yanki mai mahimmanci wanda ke hulɗa kai tsaye da dutsen kwal. Fasahar rufe laser na iya ƙirƙirar murfin ƙarfafa mai kauri 3-5mm akan saman mazugi. Barbashi masu tauri a cikin murfin suna aiki kamar "sulke" don tsayayya da lalacewar yanke kwal-dutse, yayin da matrix mai tauri yana shan kuzarin tasiri, yana tsawaita rayuwar sabis sau 2-3 idan aka kwatanta da sabbin sassa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai rikitarwa na ƙasa. Ga abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewa kamar mazugi na tsakiya da mazugi na canji, rufin da ke jure lalacewa ta laser yana rage lalacewa sosai yayin jigilar kayan. Mazugi na tsakiya da farko suna buƙatar maye gurbin kowane watanni 3-6 yanzu suna ɗaukar watanni 12-24 bayan sake kera. Ga ginshiƙan bakin ƙarfe a cikin cikakken injin haƙar ma'adinai na hydraulic masu dorewa da ƙura, ana iya maye gurbin yadudduka na chrome na gargajiya waɗanda ke fuskantar tsatsa daga karce. Rufin da ke jure tsatsa da kuma jure lalacewa ba wai kawai yana ware kafofin watsa labarai na lalata ba, har ma yana jure lalacewar gogayya yayin faɗaɗawa/ƙuntawa a ginshiƙi, yana ƙara tsawon lokacin gyarawa fiye da sau huɗu. Ga abubuwan da suka gaza a gears da abubuwan haɗin bearing a cikin tsarin watsa gear, fasahar rufe laser tana dawo da daidaiton girma ta hanyar shafa yayin da take inganta halayen kayan don haɓaka juriya ga gajiya, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin watsawa. Saita shi don aiki.

Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin maye gurbin sassa na gargajiya, fasahar sake fasalin saman laser ba wai kawai ta tsawaita rayuwar muhimman sassan da sau 2-4 ba, har ma ta ba da damar sake amfani da sassan da suka yi ritaya yadda ya kamata, wanda hakan ke rage yawan buƙatar ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai na sabbin sassan. Bayanai sun nuna cewa wannan fasaha tana rage lokacin da injina ke ƙarewa don gyarawa da sama da kashi 60% kuma tana rage farashin gyara na shekara-shekara da kashi 30%-50%. Yayin da take ci gaba da ci gaba da samarwa, tana ƙara inganta tattalin arziki da dorewar muhalli a ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai. Wannan tsarin sake fasalin "gyara-sauyawa-sauyawa-haɓaka aiki" yana zama babban abin da ke haifar da fasaha don haɓaka aikin kayan haƙar ma'adinai mai kyau da kore.