Kashe Laser: sabuwar fasaha don shafa jikin birgima da sulke mai ƙarfi

A cikin masana'antu na zamani, kayan aikin naɗa kamar naɗa birgima, naɗa birgima, da silinda busarwa suna aiki a matsayin ginshiƙin layukan samarwa. Waɗannan abubuwan suna jure wa matsin lamba mai yawa, gogayya mai tsanani, yanayin zafi mai yawa, da muhallin da ke lalata muhalli. Ingancin saman waɗannan abubuwan kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin samarwa, ingancin samfura, da tsawon lokacin sabis. Dabaru na taurare saman gargajiya kamar kashe wuta da taurarewar induction, duk da cewa ana amfani da su sosai, galibi suna fama da matsaloli waɗanda suka haɗa da manyan nakasa, rarraba tauri mara daidaito, da yawan amfani da makamashi. Bayyanar fasahar kashe wutar laser ta bayyana a matsayin abin da ke canza yanayin aiki, yana kawo sauyi ga ƙarfin saman naɗa ta hanyar fa'idodinsa na musamman na babban daidaito, ƙarancin naƙasa, da ingantaccen aiki.

I. Babban ƙa'ida: Sautin kuzari da ma'adinai nan take

Kashewar Laser, wanda aka fi sani da hardening na canjin laser, tsari ne na ƙarfafa saman da ke amfani da hasken laser mai yawan kuzari a matsayin tushen zafi don dumama saman aikin da sauri sannan a sanyaya kai. Idan aka yi amfani da shi ga jikin na'urori masu birgima, ana iya raba ƙa'idar zuwa matakai uku masu kyau:

1. Injerar Makamashi Mai Daidaito: Hasken Laser (yawanci CO2)₂ ko fiber laser) wanda aka mayar da hankali a kai ta hanyar tsarin gani yana ƙirƙirar wurin kuzari mai ƙarfi sosai, yana aiki kamar "goga mai sihiri" wanda ba a iya gani wanda ke duba saman abin nadi daidai. A cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan zuwa daƙiƙa, ƙarfin laser ɗin yana sha ta hanyar murfin ƙarfe da ke kan saman abin nadi, wanda ke haifar da zafinsa ya tashi sosai da sama da 10,000°C a kowace daƙiƙa. Wannan saurin zafin jiki ya zarce ma'aunin canjin lokaci mai mahimmanci (Ac3), yana canza kayan zuwa tsarin austenitic. Saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin fallasa, zafi ba zai iya shiga cikin yadudduka masu zurfi ba, wanda ke haifar da zafi kawai wani siririn Layer (yawanci 0.1-1.5mm) yayin da zuciyar ke ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

2. Canjin Lokaci Nan Take: Idan aka cire hasken laser, tsarin dumama zai tsaya ba zato ba tsammani. Sakamakon canjin zafin jiki mai ban mamaki yana haifar da saurin watsa zafi daga saman zuwa matrix mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, yana cimma saurin sanyaya na 10⁴-10⁶°C/s. Wannan tasirin sanyaya kai mai sauri yana hana austenite haɓaka carbide, maimakon haka yana canza shi zuwa tsarin martensitic mai kyau. A matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan tsarin ƙarfe mafi wahala kuma mafi jure lalacewa, martensite yana bayyana ingantaccen haɓaka taurin saman da aka samu ta hanyar kashe laser.

3. Tsarin "Tsarin Waje da Juriyar Ciki": A ƙarshe, jikin abin naɗawa yana cimma daidaitaccen tsari mai haɗaka. Fuskar sa tana da layer mai ƙarfi wanda ke da tauri fiye da ƙarfe na gargajiya wanda aka kashe 15%-20%, yayin da zuciyar ke riƙe da tauri da ƙarfi na asali. Wannan ƙirar "tsauri na waje da juriya" ta musamman tana bawa abin naɗawa damar jure wa lalacewa mai tsanani da kuma jure wa nauyi mai yawa, wanda hakan ke hana haɗarin karyewa gaba ɗaya.

II. Tsarin aiki: Aiki mai hankali daidai gwargwado

Amfani da fasahar kashe laser a jikin babban na'urar birgima ba wai kawai hasken rana ba ne, amma injiniyan tsarin daidaito ne wanda ya haɗa haske, injina da wutar lantarki. Babban tsari shine kamar haka:

1. Kafin a fara aiki: Tsaftacewa da Inganta Shaye-shaye Mai Sauƙi: Dole ne a yi wa jikin na'urar birgima magani mai tsauri kafin a kashe ta. Da farko, ana cire gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar tabon mai, yadudduka na oxide, da ƙazanta sosai ta hanyar amfani da yashi ko niƙa mai kyau don tabbatar da tsabta da haske. Mataki na ƙarshe mai mahimmanci ya ƙunshi shafa wani shafi na musamman mai ɗaukar haske. Ganin yadda saman ƙarfe ke haskakawa ga takamaiman lasers masu tsayi, wannan shafi yana inganta ingantaccen shaye-shayen makamashin laser sosai (daga ƙasa da kashi 40% zuwa sama da kashi 80%), yana tabbatar da ingantaccen canja wurin zafi iri ɗaya.

2. Sarrafa tsari: shirye-shirye da kuma duba daidai:

Tsarin Hanya: Dangane da tsarin na'urar jujjuyawar (misali, silinda ko mazugi) da buƙatun kashewa (kamar tsarin helical mai ci gaba, laushin grid, ko yankuna masu siffar tsiri), kwamfutar ta ƙayyade yanayin motsi na kan laser da saurin juyawa.

Daidaita Sigogi: An daidaita sigogin tsari na asali —— ƙarfin laser (P), saurin dubawa (V), da girman tabo (D) —— daidai. Haɗin kai na waɗannan abubuwa uku (yawan kuzari ≈ P/(V·D)) kai tsaye yana ƙayyade zurfin da tauri na Layer mai tauri. Tsarin CNC yana aiwatar da dukkan tsarin ta atomatik, yana tabbatar da maimaitawa da daidaito mara misaltuwa.

Kulawa da Ra'ayoyin Lokaci-lokaci: An sanye da na'urori masu ci gaba da sa ido a ainihin lokaci kamar na'urorin auna zafin jiki na infrared don bin diddigin zafin wurin wanka mai narkewa cikin sauƙi. Wannan yana ba da damar daidaitawa nan take ga wutar lantarki ta laser ta hanyar hanyoyin ra'ayoyi, hana ƙonewa ko narkewar saman yayin da ake kiyaye ingancin kashewa mai ƙarfi.

3. Bayan magani: Dubawa da kuma daidaita yanayin zafi: Bayan an kashe, kawai a goge sauran rufin da ruwa ko barasa daga saman. Gwajin tauri, auna zurfin, da kuma nazarin ƙarfe na wuraren da aka taurare muhimman hanyoyi ne. Kodayake kashewar laser yana haifar da ƙarancin damuwa, ga jikin na'urori masu girman gaske, ana iya amfani da rage zafin jiki don ƙara kawar da damuwa da kuma daidaita halayen ƙananan abubuwa.

III. Fa'idodin fasaha da fa'idodin amfani mai faɗi

Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gargajiya, kashe laser ya nuna fa'idar lalatawa a cikin ƙarfafa birgima:

Daidaitaccen iko: zai iya cimma daidaiton kashe duk wani zurfin da ke cikin kewayon 0.1-2.0mm, da kuma zaɓar ƙarfafa yankuna masu rikitarwa kamar ramuka da gefuna.

Nauyin yana da ƙanƙanta sosai: halayen "ƙaramin shigar da zafi da saurin sanyaya da sauri" suna sa nauyin zafi na kayan aikin ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai, kuma a lokuta da yawa, ana iya haɗa shi kai tsaye bayan an kashe shi, wanda ke kawar da tsadar gyarawa da sarrafawa ta biyu.

Kyakkyawan aiki: tsarin martensite na ultrafine da aka samu yana da tauri mai yawa, kyakkyawan lalacewa da juriyar tsatsa, kuma ana iya tsawaita rayuwar sabis sau 1-3.

Kore da inganci: babu buƙatar kashe wutar lantarki (ruwa, mai), babu gurɓatawa; ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, babban mataki na sarrafa kansa, daidai da manufar kera kore ta zamani.

Fasahar kashe wutar lantarki ta Laser yanzu ta shahara a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da injinan naɗa ƙarfe, naɗa na'urorin tattara bayanai na masana'antu, hanyoyin bugawa da rini, da kuma muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin naɗawa a fannin robobi da samar da roba. Bayan kera sabbin kayayyaki, wannan sabuwar dabara ta haskaka musamman a fannin gyaran naɗawa da sake kera su. Tana ba da sabuwar rayuwa ga tsofaffin naɗawa waɗanda ke gab da yin ritaya, tana samar da ƙima mai mahimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki ta hanyar iyawarta ta canza abubuwa.

IV. Kammalawa

Fasahar kashe wutar lantarki ta Laser, ta hanyar sarrafa makamashi da kayan aiki daidai, tana ba wa na'urorin rollers na masana'antu "sulke mai ɗorewa da ƙarfi." Wannan ci gaban ba wai kawai yana wakiltar babban ci gaba a fannin injiniyan saman ba ne, har ma yana aiki a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don haɓaka canjin masana'antu zuwa ga manyan manufofi, masu hankali, da kuma masu dacewa da muhalli. Tare da ci gaba da rage farashin kayan aikin laser da kuma balaga ayyukan masana'antu, wannan fasaha za ta ƙara mamaye kowane fanni na samar da masana'antu, tana ci gaba da ƙarfafa juriya da dorewar tsarin "ƙashi" na masana'antu na zamani.